Captopril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI), has an excellent clinical effectiveness in the treatment of hypertension AND congestive heart failure (CHF). Up to now various attempts have been made to make a sustained-release drug delivery system of captopril. One of these systems is known as "Hydrodynamically balanced system". Such a system is useful for drugs well absorbed in the proximal gastrointestinal tract or for drugs that degrade in the intestinal fluid (like captopril). The aim of this study was: designing, formulation AND in-vitro releasing pattern evaluation of FLOATING AND BIOADHESIVE sustained-release captopril matrix tablets, especially by using yellow bees wax in the formulations. Investigation of stability of captopril solutions with various concentrations indicated that these solutions are stable in the conditions of dissolution test (HCI 0.1 N, at 37±0.5 °c) regardless of air AND light, AND there is no need to add an antioxidant agent to the dissolution medium. Among different tablet formulations which were made, the formulation known as 03 (Containing: 30% yellow bees wax, 30% HPMC, 16% carbopol AND 5% magnesium stearate) showed a suitable releasing pattern AND a high production efficiency During dissolution tests these tablets remained FLOATING. In the progress of this investigation it was proved that there is a direct relation between tablets hardness AND granule production efficiency with P/W ratio (powders which used in granulation (P) to wax content of production (W). On the other hAND it was indicated that there is a reverse relation between buoyancy time of tablets AND their hardness.

Reactive urethane prepolymer, as a base material for the process of gluing in medicine. has been studied. For this purpose castor oil AND toluene diisocyanate (TDI) were used as polyol AND diisocyanate components to synthesize the isocyanate terminated urethane prepolymer. The molecular structure of this prepolymer was investigated by infrared spectroscopy ((FTIR) AND vapour pressure osmometry (VPO). The obtained infrared spectrum confirmed the presence of free NCO groups bonded to the prepolymer backbone. The wetting behaviour of the synthesized prepolymer was evaluated by surface tension measurement. The surface behaviour of the cured thin films of the prepolymer was characterized using contact angle measurements. The cytotoxicity of the cured prepolymer film was evaluated by in vitro cell culture experiment. Results showed a compatible cell response with no signs of toxicity.

Quantifiers basically occur adjacent to a nominal phrase. However, sometimes the quantifier AND the nominal phrase appear apart in sentences. This phenomenon is referred to as quantifier FLOATING (Q-FLOATING). The most prominent approach to Q-FLOATING is strANDing analysis, according to which the quantifier AND the adjacent nominal phrase together make up a single constituent, AND in the course of derivation, the nominal phrase moves from this constituent to a higher position, strANDing the quantifier in situ; in other words, strANDing analysis considers the FLOATING quantifier construction as the result of a transformation from non-FLOATING quantifier construction. This paper addresses the structure of FLOATING AND non-FLOATING quantifier constructions, provides evidence from Persian to indicate the independence of their structures, AND argues for the oblige toriness of each structure. The FLOATING quantifier is shown to be a late adjunct to a copy of its associated DP: in the derivation leading to quantifier FLOATING, a DP moves from its θ-position AND then receives a QP as an adjunct, AND then it moves again to a higher position AND strANDs the quantifier in situ.  According to Chomsky’s (2013) Labeling Algorithm, when QP is an adjunct to DP, the movement of DP AND it’s leaving the QP behind is obligatory; to put it another way, FLOATING quantifier construction is obligatory. As opposed to FLOATING quantifier construction, in non-FLOATING quantifier construction, QP is not an adjunct. In this construction, the DP is the complement of the quantifier head. Given Labeling Algorithm, this construction is obligatorily motivated, too. In addition, since quantifier phrase is the topmost nominal phrase in such constructions, it is a phase; AND in order for the DP to move out of this phase, it needs to move first to the specifier position of the QP, but this movement is considered too short. For this reason, DP cannot move off the QP in non-FLOATING quantifier constructions

The present study concerned with the development AND characterization of metronidazole microcapsules prepared by thermal change method using different ratios (1:1, 1:2 AND 1:4) of ethyl cellulose in order to select the best microcapsule formulation with a good encapsulation efficiency AND drug release profile. The obtained microcapsules were discrete, spherical with free flowing properties AND evaluated for particle size, shape, flow properties, wall thickness, drug encapsulation efficiency AND in vitro release performance. The drug carrier interactions were investigated in solid state by FT-IR spectroscopy AND scanning electron microscopy. The microcapsules with a narrow size range of 23-68 mm showed higher encapsulation efficiency. The selected microcapsule formulation, MC3 (Drug polymer ratio 1:4) was employed for gel formulation with a variety of carbopol polymers (carbopol-934, 940, 974 AND 980) by mechanical stirring method in order to develop a sustained release microencapsulated metronidazole microcapsules-containing BIOADHESIVE gel. The prepared BIOADHESIVE gels were evaluated for pH, spreadability, extrudability, viscosity, vaginal irritation, in vitro drug release, bioadhesion, accelerated stability AND in vitro drug release kinetic. In vitro experiments indicated a sustained release over 24 h AND an acceptable bioadhesion quality for formulation F3. Hence, it can be concluded that the formulation F3 has potential to deliver metronidazole in a controlled AND constant manner for prolong period over other formulations AND can be adopted for a successful delivery of metronidazole for vaginal use.

Purpose: The objective of this work was to develop a BIOADHESIVE topical gel of sertaconazole nitrate with the help of response-surface approach.Methods: Experiments were performed according to a 3-level factorial design to evaluate the effects of two independent variables [amount of Carbapol 934=X1) AND Sodium carboxymethylcellulose (NaCMC) =X2)] on the BIOADHESIVE character of gel, rheological property of gel (consistency index), AND in-vitro drug release. The best model was selected to fit the data.Results: Mathematical equation was generated by Design ExpertÒ software for the model which assists in determining the effect of independent variables. Response surface plots were also generated by the software for analyzing effect of the independent variables on the response. The effect of formulation variables on the product characteristics can be easily predicted AND precisely interpreted by using a 3-level factorial design AND generated quadratic mathematical equations.Conclusion: On the basis of product characteristics viscosity, BIOADHESIVEness, permeation study, in-vitro release, in-vivo studies, TPA AND spreadability it can be concluded that the best batch of topical BIOADHESIVE gel of Sertaconazole nitrate would be with 1% Carbopol 934 AND 1% NaCMC.

Topical drug dosage forms such as ointments AND creams can be easily removed through wetting, movement AND contact. The new BIOADHESIVE formulations with enhanced local anesthetic effects are needed for topical administration. The adhesive capacity of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) was determined by measuring the maximum detachment force AND the adhesion work with an auto peeling tester. The release of drug from a HPMC gel was studied according to the drug concentration. Permeation study through the rat skin was performed at 37oC using phosphate buffer solution (pH=7.4) as a receptor medium. To increase the skin permeation of bupivacaine from the HPMC gels, penetration enhancer such as the saturated AND unsaturated fatty acids, the pyrrolidones, the propylene glycol derivatives, the glycerides, AND the non-ionic surfactants were incorporated in the bupivacaine-HPMC gels. The local anesthetic effect of the formulated gel preparation was examined using a tail-flick analgesimeter. As the concentration of HPMC increased, the BIOADHESIVE force AND viscosity were increased. The rate of drug release was increased with increasing the drug concentration. Among the enhancers used, polyoxyethylene 2-oleyl ether showed the most enhancing effects on drug permeation through the skin. In the rat tail flick test, the area under the efficacy curve of bupivacaine gel containing polyoxyethylene 2-oleyl ether AND tetrahydrozoline showed a 2.36-fold increase in anesthetic activity compared to control gel without any additives. The bupivacaine gels containing both penetration enhancer AND vasoconstrictor showed enhancement AND prolonged efficacy compared to the control gel. To enhance the local anesthetic effects of bupivacaine, the transdermal bupivacaine gel formulation containing penetration enhancer AND vasoconstrictor could be developed.

Introduction: AMONIA, as a BIOADHESIVE wound healer, is a milky white solid powder. It contains various biomolecules AND trace elements. This composition, with numerous physiological properties, was developed as a healer for the skin wounds of livestock. Per the instructions, this composition has a biological basis that causes wound adhesion AND healing rate acceleration. In this study, the therapeutic effects of AMONIA on skin injury of male rabbits were evaluated based on microbiological AND macroscopic assessments. Methods: his experimental study was conducted on 10 white male rabbits. Following animal anesthesia, 3 skin wounds (1×1 cm with total dermis excision) were created on the back of each animal (3 incisions for each). The wounds were divided into 3 groups,negative control (no treatment), positive control (phenytoin 1% ointment), AND AMONIA (1 gr/1×1 cm wound). Wound healing rate (the area & percentage of wounds AND the time of total regeneration), animal weight, AND the level of bacterial growth were assessed in all study groups. The examined animals were treated for 22 consecutive days at 10 AM. Results: The percentage of wound healing AND wound area were significantly (P<0. 05) increased AND decreased, respectively, in the AMONIA AND control groups. Wound healing rate was measured as 15%, 52%, 74%, AND 100% in treatment days of 2, 4, 6, 8, AND 10, respectively in the AMONIA group, compared with the control animals. In contrast, no significant (P>0. 05) alterations were found between the positive AND negative control groups. Furthermore, no complete dermal recovery was found in the control groups until the treatment day of 22. No bacterial growth was detected in wounds treated with AMONIA, besides some infections with positive AND negative gram bacteria were detected in both control groups. Conclusion: AMONIA with inhibitory effects on bacterial growth AND regenerative property for dermal layer caused accelerated skin wound regeneration rate in rabbits 2 times faster than the control animals.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: On the basis of etiology of aphthous ulcer, there are many factors which cause this problem such as immunologic AND hematologic disorders AND emotional stress. For treating this disorder, it is recommended using a steroid drug. This study was performed to investigate one of the natural bases as a BIOADHESIVE dosage form in the management of aphthous ulcer.METHODS: In this experimental study, there were two groups. The first twenty persons received BIOADHESIVE without triamcinolone acetonide (as pilot study) for determining the rate of adherence AND possibly side effects of the BIOADHESIVE. The second twenty persons as case AND control, with history of minor aphthous ulcer were selected AND treated in two courses of disease, once with BIOADHESIVE containing drug (case) AND once again without drug (control). The data were statistically analysed by using student t-test. FINDINGS: In the pilot study group, duration of adherence on the oral cavity was more than 20 minutes AND there were not side effects or undesirable reactions such as bad smell or taste. There was not significant difference in analgesia AND healing time course between case AND control groups. Healing time in case AND control groups after treatment were shorter than before treatment (p<0.000).CONCLUSION: Using BIOADHESIVE as coating AND protective agent may cause reduction of pain AND healing time course. Also, triamcinolone in BIOADHESIVE dont affect on reduction of pain AND healing time.